paranoid-schizoid position
英式
/ˈpær.ən.ɔɪd/ /ˈskɪt.sɔɪd/ /pəˈzɪʃ.ən/
美式
/ˈper.ə.nɔɪd/ /ˈskɪt.sɔɪd/ /pəˈzɪʃ.ən/
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词典解释
English
paranoid: feeling extremely nervous and worried because you believe that other people do not like you or are trying to harm you.
schizoid: suffering from or behaving as if suffering from schizophrenia.
position: the place where something or someone is, often in relation to other things.
paranoid-schizoid position: a primitive mental state in which a person splits experience into “all good” and “all bad,” and feels strong persecutory anxiety.
Chinese
paranoid: 偏执的，多疑的。
schizoid: 精神分裂的，精神分裂症的；精神分裂般的。
position: 位置，方位，地点。
心理学语境下的解释
Term专业术语定义
paranoid-schizoid position
在精神分析 / 客体关系理论里，paranoid-schizoid position 通常译为：偏执—分裂样位置；也有人译为：妄想—分裂样位置。
更准确的中文理解是：
这是克莱因学派提出的一种早期心理组织状态。
个体会通过分裂（splitting）把客体和自我体验分为“好”与“坏”；
通过投射（projection）把难以承受的攻击性、恐惧或坏感受投向外部；
核心焦虑是被迫害感、被伤害感、被吞没或毁灭的恐惧。
后来如果发展较好，才可能进入 depressive position（抑郁位置），也就是能承受“同一个人既好又坏”的复杂性。
你可以把它简单记成：偏执—分裂样位置 = 非黑即白 + 强烈被害焦虑 + 分裂与投射防御
英文词组举例
feel paranoid about something
→ 对某事感到特别多疑 / 紧张 / 总怀疑会出问题
英文句子举例
I always feel paranoid when I send an important email and don’t get a reply quickly.
→ 我每次发出一封重要邮件后，如果没有很快收到回复，就会变得特别多疑、胡思乱想。
文献原句
“One of my main points was the suggestion that in the first few months of life anxiety is predominantly experienced as fear of persecution and that this contributes to certain mechanisms and defences which characterize the paranoid and schizoid positions.”
→ 我的一个主要观点是：在生命最初几个月里，焦虑主要被体验为对迫害的恐惧，而这会促成某些机制和防御，这些机制和防御构成了偏执性与分裂样位置的特征。
“These features of the anxiety and object-relationships experienced during this phase of development led Melanie Klein to call it the paranoid-schizoid position, since the leading anxiety is paranoid, and the state of the ego and its objects is characterized by the splitting, which is schizoid.”
→ 在这一发展阶段中所体验到的这些焦虑与客体关系特征，使 Melanie Klein 将其称为偏执—分裂样位置；因为其中主导性的焦虑是偏执性的，而自我及其客体的状态则以‘分裂’这一分裂样特征为标志。
“In the paranoid-schizoid position, the predominant mode of symbolization (‘symbolic equation,’ Segal, 1957) is one in which the symbol and the symbolized are emotionally indistinguishable since there is no interpreting self to mediate between symbol and symbolized.”
→ 在偏执—分裂样位置中，占主导地位的象征化方式（即 Segal, 1957 所说的‘象征等同’）是一种这样的状态：象征物与被象征物在情感上是不可区分的，因为此时并不存在一个能够在两者之间起中介作用的解释性自我。